Continuous Internal Assessments:

CIA – 1  and 3 : Continuous Internal Assessment

Written (reports) – Group or Individual, Understanding of the subjects, Participative learning, Presentation and VIVA, Quiz, Multiple choice based test etc.

CIA – 2:  Continuous Internal Assessment - Mid Semester Exam

Mid Semester Exam marks will be taken for Internal Assessment. MSE marks will be reduced to 25 for this purpose. The question paper pattern for the Mid Semester Examination is as follows:

Attendance:

The marks distribution for attendance is as follows:

95 – 100%       -           5 marks

90 – 94%         -           4 marks

85 – 89%         -           3 marks

80 – 84%         -           2 marks

76 – 79%         -           1 mark

The Department of Professional Studies was established in the year 2002 as Centre for Career Advancement (CCA), and later upgraded to Department of Professional Studies in 2007. The department offers some of the most unique and specialized programmes in the field of commerce and management. The Department also supports the M Sc Actuarial Science programme for the Department of Mathematics and Statistics.

The undergraduate programmes of the department are benchmarked with international professional bodies through a meticulous mapping of the curriculum and innovative evaluation patterns. The department also aims at professional training for wider career opportunities. This is achieved through student centric value addition courses like Discipline Specific Electives that augment core competencies for CS, Insurance and CA and Employability skill enhancement certifications like Six Sigma, Advanced Excel and Portfolio Management. These additional courses along with academic degrees equip the students to meet the challenges and prospects of contemporary academia and the corporate sector enabling differential placements.

All courses of the department are conducted by a dedicated team of academicians and highly qualified practicing professionals. To foster holistic development regular Soft Skills development sessions are a compulsory component of every programme of the department and are designed to make the students excel in soft skills, team work, communication, public speaking, debates and general knowledge.

Various Employability Skill Enhancement Courses like Advanced Excel, Tableau, Python are conducted along with special training/bridge courses for professional certification of CIMA, CS, ACCA, CFA, IPCC, CPT and Insurance. Various events like Insight, COGNITO, Future MUN and Crescendo are held at a grand level providing students with numerous opportunities for holistic development and increasing the department visibility.

Vision- To develop into a centre of excellence in education, training and research in the field of commerce and management

Mission- To impart holistic education through state-of-the-art technology with the aim of producing professionals in the field of commerce and management, and to launch new programmes to bridge the gap between academia and the corporate sector by meeting stakeholder requirements.

B Com (Professional) programme is designed for young aspiring management accounting professionals, equipped with strategic decision-making skills, with an ethical and global outlook.

Programme Outcome/Programme Learning Goals/Programme Learning Outcome:

PO2: Effectively employ knowledge of Finance, Investment and Risk management for business value creation

PO3: Exhibit Discipline Specific expertise in the areas of Finance, Banking and Insurance

PO4: Demonstrate leadership traits, communication skills, digital proficiency with innovative and entrepreneurial mindset for optimal performance in personal, professional, societal and environmental domains

PO5: Exhibit social sensitivity to embrace diversity and inclusion and function as ethically responsible individuals with integrity and tolerance to contribute effectively to society

PO6: Demonstrate decision making skills and critical thinking through practical application of knowledge and skills in experiential learning

PO7: Apply research skills and conduct independent research and thereby monitor and forecast future trends

Programme Educational Objective:

PEO2: To be conversant with the broad legal and regulatory framework governing commercial activity.

PEO3: ⮚ Equip the students to evaluate environmental factors that influence business operation with the conceptual requirements and skills on preparation and interpretation of financial statements.

PEO4: To create strong, globally recognized Management Accounting professionals.

PE05: To develop specialized competency in the fields of Finance, Banking and Insurance.

PE06: To introduce and develop research culture amongst students and to equip them with research skills necessary to conduct a structured and systematic research.

This course focus on the fundamental accounting principles and processes, culminating in the preparation of the financial statements of a sole proprietorship business. It also introduces certain fundamental Indian Accounting Standards (Ind ASs), besides completing the accounting modules for partnership firms, i.e. discussing the accounting treatment for dissolution, amalgamation, and sale of partnership firms, developed into valuation techniques of goodwill and shares.

Introduction to accounting; Double-entry system; Ind AS 1: Financial statements, purpose, general features (true and fair view, going concern, accrual basis, materiality and aggregation, offsetting, frequency of reporting, comparative information, consistency);  Other assumptions and conventions (business entity, money measurement, conservatism), Basic accounting procedure: journal entries, ledgers, subsidiary books, cash book, capital and revenue expenditure/receipts, rectification of errors, trial balance, bank reconciliation statement

Preparation of Statement of Profit and Loss and Balance Sheet: structure, contents; problems based on trial balance and adjustments

Meaning of financial statements; form and contents of Statement of Profit and Loss and Balance Sheet as per Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013; general instructions for their preparation along with Notes to Accounts; problems based on Trial Balance and common year-end adjustments/ rectifications

Treatment of taxes deducted at source, advance payment of tax, and provision for taxation

Treatment of interim and final dividend, and corporate dividend tax; meaning of capital and revenue reserves; rules for declaration of dividend out of reserves; simple problems

Computation and treatment of managerial remuneration, including computation of net profit under Section 198 of the Companies Act, 2013

Valuation of goodwill:  meaning; circumstances for valuation of goodwill; factors influencing the value of goodwill; methods of valuation—average profit method, super profit method, capitalization of average profit method, capitalization of super profit method, annuity method.

Valuation of shares: meaning; need for valuation; factors affecting valuation; methods of valuation—intrinsic value method, yield method, earning capacity method, fair value of shares Rights issue and valuation of rights issue.

Ind AS 2 (Inventories): measurement—cost, cost formulas, net realizable value; recognition as an expense; basic problems

Ind AS 18 (Revenue): measurement; identification of transaction; sale of goods; rendering of services; interest, royalties and dividends; basic examples

Ind AS 16 (Property, Plant and Equipment): measurement at recognition; depreciation, depreciation method, change in method (Ind AS 8); derecognition; problems on the above

Ind AS 40 (Investment Property): recognition, measurement, transfers, disposals; basic problems

Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Indian Accounting Standards (IND ASs).

Arulanandam M.A., & Raman K. S. (2018). Advanced Accountancy (6ed.). Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House.

Students are evaluated for each course on the basis of written examination and continuous internal assessment. Each paper carries maximum of 100 marks and is evaluated as follows:

· Written Examinations consists of:

§ Mid Semester Exam – 50 marks   (2 hours duration)

§ End Semester Exam – 100 marks (3 hours duration)

· A student should have secured minimum 40% marks in the ESE to pass in that paper.

· In aggregate for each paper, for internal and end semester put together, at least 40 marks out of 100 must be secured to pass in that paper. 

The course aims to provide conceptual understanding of cost accounting. It focuses on the computation of various components of cost, such as material, labour, and overheads. It also covers modules on specific cost accounting methods like job costing and contract costing, and process costing methods of costing and its reconciliation.

Introduction – Definition – Fundamental Principles –Scope, Functions and objectives – Merits & Demerits –Methods & Techniques-Cost Accounting and financial accounting comparison; Elements of Cost – Cost vs. Expense- Cost Centre, Cost Unit & Cost object- Classification of Cost- Costs for decision making - Installation of Costing system - Cost Sheet - Tenders and Quotations (Problems).

Meaning and classification of material- Purchase Procedure& documentation - Store Keeping Functions; Inventory Control - Fixation of Levels- Periodical and Perpetual Inventory, ABC Analysis, EOQ (Problems); Stores issue - Methods of Pricing of materials – FIFO – LIFO - Simple and Weighted Average Methods. (Problems).

Meaning & classification of Labour- Attendance and payroll procedure- Time Keeping - Methods of Time Keeping - Time Booking – Records - Idle Time - Causes for Idle Time - Treatment of Idle Time – Overtime – Labour Turnover—Labour Remuneration - Features of Good Wage System –Remuneration system and incentive schemes-Time Wage System, Piece Rate System, Problems on Taylor’s Differential Piece Rate System, Halsey Premium Plan and Rowan Plan. (Problems).

Meaning and definition –Classification of Overheads- Allocation & Apportionment of overheads (Primary Distribution) Apportionment of Service Department Costs to Production Departments (Secondary Distribution- Reciprocal basis). Absorption of Overheads - Methods - percentage of Direct Material Cost - Direct Labour Cost - Prime Cost - Direct Labour Hour Rate and Machine Hour Rate.

Job and Contract Costing: Meaning and nature- Difference between Job Costing and Contract Costing – Preparation of Contract Accounts- Ascertainment of Profit/Loss on Contract – Work In Progress and Balance Sheet –Profits on incomplete contracts-Cost Plus and Estimated Contracts (Problems).

 Process Costing:Meaning and nature- Preparation of process Accounts- Normal Loss - Abnormal Loss/gain - (Including Inter-Process Profit and Equivalent Production) Preparation of Process Accounts and Joint and By-Products

Need for reconciliation- Reasons for difference in profits- Reconciliation- Re-modelling of financial books, Reconciliation for difference in profits, Method of reconciliation (Problems)

2.      Arora M N – (2012) A Text book of Cost & Management Accounting, Vikas Publishing, New Delhi-12^th edition.

3.      Lal Jawahar, Srivastava Seema. (2019) Cost Accounting, 5thEdition, Tata Mcgraw-Hill, Delhi

1.      Saxena V. K. (2014) Essentials of Cost Accounting, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi

2.      Sharma &Shashi. K Gupta (2012) Cost & Management Accounting Kalyani Publishers

3.      Kishore. M. Ravi. (2021) Business Strategy and Strategic Cost Management, 1^st

         Edition, Taxmann Publications, New Delhi

Students are evaluated for each course on the basis of written examination and continuous internal assessments. Each paper carries maximum of 100 marks and is evaluated as follows:

·         Written Examinations consist of:

§  Mid Semester Exam – 50 Marks   (2 hours duration)

§  End Semester Exam – 100 Marks (3 hours duration)

·         A student should secure a minimum of 40% Marks in the ESE to pass that paper.

 ·         In aggregate for each paper, for internal and end semester put together, at least 40 Marks out of 100 must be secured to pass in that paper. 

Business Economics is a field of study that applies economic theory and quantitative methods to analyze business decision-making and the functioning of markets. This course provides students with a solid understanding of economic principles and how they are applied in the context of various business environments. Students will explore the interaction between economic factors such as supply and demand, market structures, production costs, and government policies, and their impact on business operations and strategy.

Meaning - Characteristics – Distinction between Micro and Macro Economics – Scope of Business Economics – Uses/Objectives of Business Economics.

Approaches to the study of Consumer Behaviour - Cardinal Approach - Law of Equi-Marginal Utility, Ordinal Approach - Indifference Curve Analysis and its Properties – Consumer Surplus – Meaning, Analysis and Limitations. 

Meaning - Characteristics – Distinction between Micro and Macro Economics – Scope of Business Economics – Uses/Objectives of Business Economics.

Approaches to the study of Consumer Behaviour - Cardinal Approach - Law of Equi-Marginal Utility, Ordinal Approach - Indifference Curve Analysis and its Properties – Consumer Surplus – Meaning, Analysis and Limitations. 

Meaning - Characteristics – Distinction between Micro and Macro Economics – Scope of Business Economics – Uses/Objectives of Business Economics.

Approaches to the study of Consumer Behaviour - Cardinal Approach - Law of Equi-Marginal Utility, Ordinal Approach - Indifference Curve Analysis and its Properties – Consumer Surplus – Meaning, Analysis and Limitations. 

Meaning - Characteristics – Distinction between Micro and Macro Economics – Scope of Business Economics – Uses/Objectives of Business Economics.

Approaches to the study of Consumer Behaviour - Cardinal Approach - Law of Equi-Marginal Utility, Ordinal Approach - Indifference Curve Analysis and its Properties – Consumer Surplus – Meaning, Analysis and Limitations. 

Demand - Determinants, Demand Function - Law of Demand – Variations in Demand, Supply - Determinants, Supply Function) – Law of Supply –Variations in Supply, Market Equilibrium. Market Failure: Meaning & Types - Public Goods – Externalities - Merit Goods - Demerit Goods. Demand: Elasticity of Demand – Price Elasticity of Demand – Factors determining Elasticity of Demand – Measurement and its Application in Business Decisions, Concept of Income & Cross, Promotional Elasticity of Demand, Supply: Elasticity of Supply – Factors determining Elasticity of Supply, Demand Forecasting - Survey and Statistical Methods.

Demand - Determinants, Demand Function - Law of Demand – Variations in Demand, Supply - Determinants, Supply Function) – Law of Supply –Variations in Supply, Market Equilibrium. Market Failure: Meaning & Types - Public Goods – Externalities - Merit Goods - Demerit Goods. Demand: Elasticity of Demand – Price Elasticity of Demand – Factors determining Elasticity of Demand – Measurement and its Application in Business Decisions, Concept of Income & Cross, Promotional Elasticity of Demand, Supply: Elasticity of Supply – Factors determining Elasticity of Supply, Demand Forecasting - Survey and Statistical Methods.

Demand - Determinants, Demand Function - Law of Demand – Variations in Demand, Supply - Determinants, Supply Function) – Law of Supply –Variations in Supply, Market Equilibrium. Market Failure: Meaning & Types - Public Goods – Externalities - Merit Goods - Demerit Goods. Demand: Elasticity of Demand – Price Elasticity of Demand – Factors determining Elasticity of Demand – Measurement and its Application in Business Decisions, Concept of Income & Cross, Promotional Elasticity of Demand, Supply: Elasticity of Supply – Factors determining Elasticity of Supply, Demand Forecasting - Survey and Statistical Methods.

Demand - Determinants, Demand Function - Law of Demand – Variations in Demand, Supply - Determinants, Supply Function) – Law of Supply –Variations in Supply, Market Equilibrium. Market Failure: Meaning & Types - Public Goods – Externalities - Merit Goods - Demerit Goods. Demand: Elasticity of Demand – Price Elasticity of Demand – Factors determining Elasticity of Demand – Measurement and its Application in Business Decisions, Concept of Income & Cross, Promotional Elasticity of Demand, Supply: Elasticity of Supply – Factors determining Elasticity of Supply, Demand Forecasting - Survey and Statistical Methods.

Production, Firm and Industry, Production Function, Production Runs or Periods (Short run and Long run), Production in the Short run, Law of Variable Proportions, Production in the Long run, Returns to Scale (Increasing, Constant and Decreasing Returns to Scale), Economies of Scale and Diseconomies of Scale.

Production, Firm and Industry, Production Function, Production Runs or Periods (Short run and Long run), Production in the Short run, Law of Variable Proportions, Production in the Long run, Returns to Scale (Increasing, Constant and Decreasing Returns to Scale), Economies of Scale and Diseconomies of Scale.

Production, Firm and Industry, Production Function, Production Runs or Periods (Short run and Long run), Production in the Short run, Law of Variable Proportions, Production in the Long run, Returns to Scale (Increasing, Constant and Decreasing Returns to Scale), Economies of Scale and Diseconomies of Scale.

Production, Firm and Industry, Production Function, Production Runs or Periods (Short run and Long run), Production in the Short run, Law of Variable Proportions, Production in the Long run, Returns to Scale (Increasing, Constant and Decreasing Returns to Scale), Economies of Scale and Diseconomies of Scale.

Perfect Competition: Assumptions, Price and Output Decisions. Equilibrium of the Firm and the Industry in the Short and the Long runs, including industry’s long run supply, Producer Surplus. Shut down point under Perfect Competition, Monopoly: Behaviour of a Monopolist in the Short and the Long run. Price Discrimination by a Monopolist - 1^st degree, 2^nd degree and 3^rd degree. Oligopoly - Collusive & Non-collusive Models of Oligopoly.

Perfect Competition: Assumptions, Price and Output Decisions. Equilibrium of the Firm and the Industry in the Short and the Long runs, including industry’s long run supply, Producer Surplus. Shut down point under Perfect Competition, Monopoly: Behaviour of a Monopolist in the Short and the Long run. Price Discrimination by a Monopolist - 1^st degree, 2^nd degree and 3^rd degree. Oligopoly - Collusive & Non-collusive Models of Oligopoly.

Perfect Competition: Assumptions, Price and Output Decisions. Equilibrium of the Firm and the Industry in the Short and the Long runs, including industry’s long run supply, Producer Surplus. Shut down point under Perfect Competition, Monopoly: Behaviour of a Monopolist in the Short and the Long run. Price Discrimination by a Monopolist - 1^st degree, 2^nd degree and 3^rd degree. Oligopoly - Collusive & Non-collusive Models of Oligopoly.

Perfect Competition: Assumptions, Price and Output Decisions. Equilibrium of the Firm and the Industry in the Short and the Long runs, including industry’s long run supply, Producer Surplus. Shut down point under Perfect Competition, Monopoly: Behaviour of a Monopolist in the Short and the Long run. Price Discrimination by a Monopolist - 1^st degree, 2^nd degree and 3^rd degree. Oligopoly - Collusive & Non-collusive Models of Oligopoly.

Meaning, Types and Impact of Inflation. Relationship between Unemployment and Inflation: Phillips Curve; Unemployment - Reasons for unemployment in both Developed and Developing Economies. Problem of Disguised unemployment in Developing Nations. 

Circular Flow Model of Income and Expenditure. Aggregates of National Income. Methods of calculating National Income. 

Meaning, Types and Impact of Inflation. Relationship between Unemployment and Inflation: Phillips Curve; Unemployment - Reasons for unemployment in both Developed and Developing Economies. Problem of Disguised unemployment in Developing Nations. 

Circular Flow Model of Income and Expenditure. Aggregates of National Income. Methods of calculating National Income. 

Meaning, Types and Impact of Inflation. Relationship between Unemployment and Inflation: Phillips Curve; Unemployment - Reasons for unemployment in both Developed and Developing Economies. Problem of Disguised unemployment in Developing Nations. 

Circular Flow Model of Income and Expenditure. Aggregates of National Income. Methods of calculating National Income. 

Meaning, Types and Impact of Inflation. Relationship between Unemployment and Inflation: Phillips Curve; Unemployment - Reasons for unemployment in both Developed and Developing Economies. Problem of Disguised unemployment in Developing Nations. 

Circular Flow Model of Income and Expenditure. Aggregates of National Income. Methods of calculating National Income. 

Phases of Business Cycles, Tools of Fiscal Policy. Need and Importance of Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy. Monetary Policy - Quantitative and Qualitative tools - Need and Importance of Monetary Tools for Economic Stabilization.

Phases of Business Cycles, Tools of Fiscal Policy. Need and Importance of Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy. Monetary Policy - Quantitative and Qualitative tools - Need and Importance of Monetary Tools for Economic Stabilization.

Phases of Business Cycles, Tools of Fiscal Policy. Need and Importance of Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy. Monetary Policy - Quantitative and Qualitative tools - Need and Importance of Monetary Tools for Economic Stabilization.

Phases of Business Cycles, Tools of Fiscal Policy. Need and Importance of Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy. Monetary Policy - Quantitative and Qualitative tools - Need and Importance of Monetary Tools for Economic Stabilization.

2.      Mark Taylor, N. Gregory Mankiw, Mark P. Taylor, Andrew Ashwin, Business Economics, Cengage Learning. 

3.      Dominick Salvatore, Ravikesh Srivastava, Managerial Economics: Principles and Worldwide Application, Oxford University Press.

Macro Economics, Samuelson, Paul A Nordhaus, William D Chaudhuri, Sudip, McGraw Hill.

2.      W.Bruce Allen, ‎Neil A.Doherty, ‎Keith Weigelt, Managerial Economics: Theory, Applications, and Cases, W.W. Norton.

3.      Atmanada, Managerial Economics, 2^nd Edition, Excel Books. 

4.      Paul A Samuelson, Economics, Tata Mc-Graw Hill. 

5.      A Marshall, Principles of Economics, Palgrave Macmillan 

6.      Andrew Gillespie, Business Economics, Oxford University Press

7.      G S Gupta, Managerial Economics, McGraw Hill Education. 

RL Varshney, KL Maheshwari, Managerial Economics, Sultan Chand and Sons. 

Students are evaluated for each course on the basis of written examination and continuous internal assessments. Each paper carries maximum of 100 marks and is evaluated as follows:

·         Written Examinations consist of:

§  Mid Semester Exam – 50 Marks   (2 hours duration)

§  End Semester Exam – 100 Marks (3 hours duration)

·         A student should secure a minimum of 40% Marks in the ESE to pass that paper.

 ·         In aggregate for each paper, for internal and end semester put together, at least 40 Marks out of 100 must be secured to pass in that paper. 

Organisational study is offered in the first semester UG programme of Department of Professional Studies, CHRIST (Deemed to be University). The course is run on a self-study mode where in students visit a large manufacturing/service organisation and study in detail about the functioning of the chosen organisation. This is a 30 hours on-site study which aims to familiarize the students with the day-to-day functions and challenges faced by a business. The key points to be focused on the study include industry profile, company and product profile, mission, vision, objectives and strategies of the organization, organization chart - design & structure, policies and procedures followed, functions of various departments and their managers, SWOT analysis, key result areas (KRAs), significant factors for success, competitor analysis, system of accounting followed, product promotional measures, HR Policy, training and appraisal measures , financial highlights and future plans for growth of the organization. The study may also include relevant digital tools/software/platforms used in the organization. This course familiarizes the students with real world functions, practices and challenges of a specific business as well as the industry in which the business operates.

Industry profile, company and product profile, mission, vision, objectives and strategies of the organization, organization chart - design & structure, policies and procedures followed, functions of various departments and their managers, SWOT analysis, key result areas (KRAs), significant factors for success, competitor analysis, system of accounting followed, product promotional measures, HR Policy, training and appraisal measures , financial highlights and future plans for growth of the organization. The study may also include relevant digital tools/software/platforms used in the organization. This course familiarizes the students with real world functions, practices and challenges of a specific business as well as the industry in which the business operates.

Industry profile, company and product profile, mission, vision, objectives and strategies of the organization, organization chart - design & structure, policies and procedures followed, functions of various departments and their managers, SWOT analysis, key result areas (KRAs), significant factors for success, competitor analysis, system of accounting followed, product promotional measures, HR Policy, training and appraisal measures , financial highlights and future plans for growth of the organization. The study may also include relevant digital tools/software/platforms used in the organization. This course familiarizes the students with real world functions, practices and challenges of a specific business as well as the industry in which the business operates.

Industry profile, company and product profile, mission, vision, objectives and strategies of the organization, organization chart - design & structure, policies and procedures followed, functions of various departments and their managers, SWOT analysis, key result areas (KRAs), significant factors for success, competitor analysis, system of accounting followed, product promotional measures, HR Policy, training and appraisal measures , financial highlights and future plans for growth of the organization. The study may also include relevant digital tools/software/platforms used in the organization. This course familiarizes the students with real world functions, practices and challenges of a specific business as well as the industry in which the business operates.

Industry profile, company and product profile, mission, vision, objectives and strategies of the organization, organization chart - design & structure, policies and procedures followed, functions of various departments and their managers, SWOT analysis, key result areas (KRAs), significant factors for success, competitor analysis, system of accounting followed, product promotional measures, HR Policy, training and appraisal measures , financial highlights and future plans for growth of the organization. The study may also include relevant digital tools/software/platforms used in the organization. This course familiarizes the students with real world functions, practices and challenges of a specific business as well as the industry in which the business operates.

Industry profile, company and product profile, mission, vision, objectives and strategies of the organization, organization chart - design & structure, policies and procedures followed, functions of various departments and their managers, SWOT analysis, key result areas (KRAs), significant factors for success, competitor analysis, system of accounting followed, product promotional measures, HR Policy, training and appraisal measures , financial highlights and future plans for growth of the organization. The study may also include relevant digital tools/software/platforms used in the organization. This course familiarizes the students with real world functions, practices and challenges of a specific business as well as the industry in which the business operates.

1. Project Report : 40 

2. Presentation and Viva: 50

3. Regular Interaction with the guide: 10

(Total : 100 marks) 

• To expose learners to a variety of texts to interact with
• To help learners classify ideologies and be able to express the same
• To expose learners to visual texts and its reading formulas
• To help learners develop a taste to appreciate works of literature through the organization of language
• To help develop critical thinking
• To help learners appreciate literature and the language nuances that enhances its literary values

• To help learners understand the relationship between the world around them and the text/literature
• To help learners negotiate with content and infer meaning contextually
• To help learners understand logical sequencing of content and process information

·         To help improve their communication skills for larger academic purposes and vocational purposes

·         To enable learners to learn the contextual use of words and the generic meaning

·         To enable learners to listen to audio content and infer contextual meaning

·         To enable learners to be able to speak for various purposes and occasions using context specific language and expressions

·         To enable learners to develop the ability to write for various purposes using suitable and precise language.

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, faulty parallelism,

 Why We Travel-Pico Iyer 

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold

Note taking

Thinking Like a Mountain  By Aldo Leopold